Ngā wāhanga matua me ngā mahi a ngā panera rā

Ngā panera rākua noho hei tūāpapa mō ngā otinga pūngao hou, e whakamahi ana i te pūngao o te rā hei whakaputa hiko mō ngā kāinga, ngā pakihi, tae atu ki ngā tipu hiko nui. He mea nui te mārama ki ngā wāhanga matua me ngā mahi a ngā panera pūngao mō te hunga e hiahia ana ki te whakamahi i tēnei hangarau pumau.

Kei te ngākau o te panera rā he pūtau photovoltaic (PV), e huri ana i te hihi o te rā hei hiko. Ko te tikanga he mea hanga ēnei pūtau ki te silicon, he rauemi semiconductor e whai mana motuhake ana ki te mimiti i ngā photon mai i te hihi o te rā. Ina pā te hihi o te rā ki tētahi pūtau PV, ka whakaoho i ngā irahiko, ka hanga he iahiko hiko. Ka kiia tēnei tukanga ko te pānga photovoltaic, ā, koinei te kaupapa matua o te mahi a ngā panera rā.

He maha ngā wāhanga matua o ngā panera rā, ā, he mahi nui tā ia wāhanga ki te mahi whānui. Ko te wāhanga tuatahi ko te taupoki karāhe, e tiaki ana i ngā pūtau photovoltaic mai i ngā āhuatanga taiao pēnei i te ua, te whatu, me te puehu, me te tuku i te hihi o te rā kia puta. Ko te tikanga ka whakatikatikahia te karāhe kia roa ai te mau, ā, kua hangaia kia tū atu ki ngā āhuatanga kino o te rangi.

Kei raro i te taupoki karāhe ko ngā pūtau rā tonu. He rite te whakaritenga o ēnei pūtau ki te mata whatu, ā, he maha ngā wā ka takaihia ki roto i tētahi paparanga o te ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) hei tiaki me te whakamahana anō hoki. Ko te whakaritenga o ēnei pūtau e whakatau ana i te whai huatanga me te putanga hiko o te panera. Ko te nuinga o ngā panera rā kāinga he mea hanga mai i te 60 ki te 72 ngā pūtau, ā, ko ngā panera whai hua ake he nui ake ngā pūtau kei roto.

Ko tētahi atu wāhanga matua ko te pepa o muri, he paparanga e whakarato ana i te whakamarumaru me te tiaki i te tuara o te panera rā. He mea hanga i ngā rauemi pakari ka taea te tu atu i te hihi UV me te makuku, kia roa ai te ora o te panera. He wāhi nui anō hoki tō te pepa o muri ki te whai huatanga whānui o te panera mā te whakaiti i te ngaronga pūngao.

Ko te anga o te panera rā he mea hanga ki te konumohe, hei tautoko i te hanganga me te ārai i ngā kino tinana. Mā te anga anō hoki ka taea te tāuta i ngā panera rā ki runga i te tuanui, ki runga rānei i te whenua, kia mau ai te tūnga ki te hopu i te nui o te hihi o te rā.

Hei huri i te iahiko tika (DC) i hangaia e ngā pūtau rā ki te iahiko tauutuutu (AC) e whakamahia ana e te nuinga o ngā kāinga, he maha ngā wā ka honoa ngā panera rā ki tētahi inverter. Ko te inverter tētahi wāhanga matua e hanga ana i te hiko i hangaia e ngā panera rā kia hototahi ki ngā taputapu kāinga me te whatunga hiko. He maha ngā momo inverter, tae atu ki ngā inverter aho, ngā inverter iti, me ngā whakahōu mana, he rerekē ngā painga me ngā whakamahinga o ia momo.

Hei whakamutunga, he wāhanga nui te pūnaha aroturuki hei aroturuki i te mahi a te panera rā. Mā te pūnaha ka taea e te kaiwhakamahi te aroturuki i te whakaputanga pūngao, te tautuhi i ngā raruraru, me te arotau i te whai huatanga o te pūnaha rā. He maha ngā whakaurunga pūnga rā hou he āheinga aroturuki atamai e whakarato ana i ngā raraunga wā-tūturu mā roto i ngā taupānga pūkoro, i ngā atanga tukutuku rānei.

Hei whakarāpopototanga,ngā panera rāhe maha ngā wāhanga matua o ēnei, tae atu ki ngā pūtau photovoltaic, te taupoki karāhe, te pepa o muri, te anga, te inverter, me te pūnaha aroturuki. He mahi nui tā ia o ēnei wāhanga ki te mahi whānui me te whai huatanga o te panera rā. I te mea kei te huri tonu te ao ki te pūngao whakahou, mā te mārama ki ēnei wāhanga ka taea e ngā tāngata takitahi me ngā pakihi te whakatau whai whakaaro mō te whakamahi i te hangarau rā, ā, ka whai wāhi atu ki tētahi heke mai pumau ake.